{"id":13793,"date":"2022-08-07T04:33:57","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T04:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/appsaf.apieproject.com\/news\/?p=13793"},"modified":"2022-08-07T05:08:48","modified_gmt":"2022-08-07T05:08:48","slug":"le-royaume-luba-precurseur-du-commerce-en-afrique-centrale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/appsaf.apieproject.com\/news\/fr\/2022\/08\/07\/le-royaume-luba-precurseur-du-commerce-en-afrique-centrale\/","title":{"rendered":"Le royaume Luba, pr\u00e9curseur du commerce en Afrique centrale"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Empire Luba \u00e9tait un important royaume implant\u00e9 dans la sous-r\u00e9gion Afrique Centrale. L\u2019histoire de ce royaume s\u2019\u00e9tend de 1585 jusqu\u2019en 1917 et ses installations correspondent \u00e0 l\u2019actuelle r\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. L\u2019empire s\u2019est impos\u00e9 en son temps sur l\u2019\u00e9chiquier mondial gr\u00e2ce notamment au commerce et aux multiples \u00e9changes avec les esclavagistes portugais et arabes.<\/p>\n

Naissance de l\u2019empire<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019on associe la fondation du royaume de Luba aux mouvements migratoires des peuples bantous qui partaient de l\u2019Est. Les membres fondateurs de ce royaume \u00e9taient des princes d\u2019autres pays.<\/p>\n

Mais selon certains r\u00e9cits, le fondateur l\u00e9gitime de cet empire est Kongolo Mwamba. Lui-m\u00eame issu du Nord du pays Songe. Il \u00e9tablit la capitale \u00e0 Mwibele dans les alentours du Lac Boya. Cependant, certains r\u00e9cits mythologiques contredisent cette version de la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019empire. Ces r\u00e9cits font plut\u00f4t \u00e9tat de ce que les Luba sont \u00e9tablis depuis toujours au Sud du Congo-Kinshasa.<\/p>\n

Mais la th\u00e9orie de la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Empire par Kongolo Mwamba est plus plausible. Dans le processus d\u2019extension du royaume, Kongolo sera aid\u00e9 par son neveu Kalala Ilunga. Ce dernier est issu du mariage d\u2019un chasseur \u00e9tranger, Ilunga Mbidi avec l\u2019une des demi-s\u0153urs de Kongolo. P\u00e8re et fils vont finir par s\u2019associer pour faire tomber Kongolo en battant son arm\u00e9e et en le tuant.<\/p>\n

Kalala Ilunga succ\u00e8de \u00e0 son d\u00e9funt oncle et d\u00e9place la capitale \u00e0 Munzo. Le cercle familial de Kalala est un peu perturb\u00e9 apr\u00e8s sa mort. Remplac\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019empire par un de ses petits-fils, ce dernier doit faire face \u00e0 ses cinq enfants qui alimentent une r\u00e9bellion. Fort heureusement il r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 d\u00e9jouer tour \u00e0 tour leurs assauts et entreprend l\u2019extension du royaume. Ceci \u00e0 travers des conqu\u00eates des peuples Songe, au 18e si\u00e8cle. C\u2019est Kumwimba Ngombe qui va mener l\u2019empire \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e, \u00e0 la fin du 18e si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

Apog\u00e9e de l\u2019empire Luba<\/strong><\/p>\n

En plus des multiples conqu\u00eates qui ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 agrandir le territoire et renforcer son autorit\u00e9, l\u2019Empire Luba s\u2019est aussi fait connaitre gr\u00e2ce au commerce qu\u2019il exer\u00e7ait. Le sous-sol de l\u2019empire \u00e9tait riche en min\u00e9raux. Et la r\u00e9gion \u00e9tait travers\u00e9e par des routes commerciales et d\u00e9bouchant sur les c\u00f4tes de l\u2019Atlantique et de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien. Les dirigeants du royaume ont transform\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale. Le nouveau principe \u00e9tait f\u00e9odal et se basait sur la redistribution des ressources agricoles, des produits de la chasse et l\u2019exploitation des minerais entre hauts dignitaires. Le commerce du sel, du cuivre et du fer a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extension de l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie du royaume en Afrique centrale.<\/p>\n

Culturellement, le royaume disposait une frange de personnes consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les gardiens de l\u2019histoire. On les appelait les \u00ab hommes de m\u00e9moires \u00bb. Leur caste \u00e9tait la caste des Mbudye. L\u2019art \u00e9tait un maillon fort de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 du royaume. Au point o\u00f9, les sculpteurs occupaient une place de choix. Plusieurs de leurs r\u00e9alisations artistiques \u00e9taient repr\u00e9sentatifs des personnages f\u00e9minins, ceci en grande partie \u00e0 cause de la place de choix qu\u2019occupait la femme dans l\u2019\u00e9chiquier politique du royaume. Avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des Belges, le royaume pratiquait le culte des anc\u00eatres. Le royaume a connu 18 souverains avant de sombrer.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9clin du royaume Luba<\/strong><\/p>\n

Plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments fondamentaux ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la chute du royaume de Luba. Les plus flagrants sont les batailles de succession, l\u2019infiltration du royaume par les trafiquants arabo-swahili et luso-africains mais surtout par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des europ\u00e9ens, notamment les belges.<\/p>\n

Parlant des esclavagistes arabo-swahilis, ces derniers ont interrompu les partenariats commerciaux avec l\u2019empire Luba. Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rant eux-m\u00eames s\u2019engouffrer dans les for\u00eats africaines \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019esclaves. Ce qui a eu pour effet de diminuer l\u2019influence du royaume mais aussi sa port\u00e9e \u00e9conomique. Ajouter \u00e0 \u00e7a, les belges ont amorc\u00e9 une grosse s\u00e9rie de raids sur le royaume pour eux aussi prendre des esclaves.<\/p>\n

En 1889, l\u2019empire se morcelle en deux factions suite \u00e0 une lutte de succession. Finalement les Belges vont int\u00e9grer les restes de l\u2019empire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat congolais sous domination belge. C\u2019est ainsi que prendra fin l\u2019histoire de l\u2019empire Luba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Empire Luba \u00e9tait un important royaume implant\u00e9 dans la sous-r\u00e9gion Afrique Centrale. L\u2019histoire de ce royaume s\u2019\u00e9tend de 1585 jusqu\u2019en 1917 et ses installations correspondent \u00e0 l\u2019actuelle r\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. L\u2019empire s\u2019est impos\u00e9 en son temps sur l\u2019\u00e9chiquier mondial gr\u00e2ce notamment au commerce et aux multiples \u00e9changes avec les esclavagistes portugais et arabes. Naissance […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13112,"featured_media":14133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,210],"tags":[78,87,211],"class_list":{"0":"post-13793","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-culture-fr","8":"category-histoire","9":"tag-apie-project-2","10":"tag-culture-2","11":"tag-histoire"},"yoast_head":"\nLe royaume Luba, pr\u00e9curseur du commerce en Afrique centrale - APIE NEWS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/appsaf.apieproject.com\/news\/fr\/2022\/08\/07\/le-royaume-luba-precurseur-du-commerce-en-afrique-centrale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le royaume Luba, pr\u00e9curseur du commerce en Afrique centrale - APIE NEWS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019Empire Luba \u00e9tait un important royaume implant\u00e9 dans la sous-r\u00e9gion Afrique Centrale. L\u2019histoire de ce royaume s\u2019\u00e9tend de 1585 jusqu\u2019en 1917 et ses installations correspondent \u00e0 l\u2019actuelle r\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. L\u2019empire s\u2019est impos\u00e9 en son temps sur l\u2019\u00e9chiquier mondial gr\u00e2ce notamment au commerce et aux multiples \u00e9changes avec les esclavagistes portugais et arabes. 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