{"id":41393,"date":"2026-08-11T04:41:27","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T04:41:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/appsaf.apieproject.com\/news\/?p=41393"},"modified":"2026-08-17T23:46:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T23:46:09","slug":"afrique-le-sahel-a-laube-dune-ere-humide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/appsaf.apieproject.com\/news\/fr\/2026\/08\/11\/afrique-le-sahel-a-laube-dune-ere-humide\/","title":{"rendered":"Afrique: Le Sahel \u00e0 l’Aube d’une \u00ab\u00a0\u00e8re humide\u00a0\u00bb?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de s\u00e9cheresse, le Sahel pourrait entrer dans une\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00e8re humide\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, selon certaines pr\u00e9visions. Les pluies diluviennes qui provoquent des inondations meurtri\u00e8res dans la r\u00e9gion depuis quelques ann\u00e9es rechargent\u00a0consid\u00e9rablement les nappes phr\u00e9atiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il s’agit de l’une des r\u00e9gions les plus arides au monde et pourtant, elle pourrait \u00eatre au seuil d’une \u00e8re humide qui mettrait fin \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9cennies de s\u00e9cheresse. Au Sahel, les puits se remplissent et le niveau des nappes phr\u00e9atiques augmente consid\u00e9rablement. La r\u00e9gion situ\u00e9e au sud du d\u00e9sert du Sahara, dispose aujourd\u2019hui de\u00a0plus d\u2019eau qu\u2019elle n\u2019en a eu depuis des d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le lac Tchad, qui comptait parmi les plus grandes \u00e9tendues d\u2019eau d\u2019Afrique, est en train de se r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer apr\u00e8s s’\u00eatre vid\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re inqui\u00e9tante sous l\u2019effet des s\u00e9cheresses. Dans une grande partie du Niger, le niveau moyen des nappes a augment\u00e9 d’environ 4 m\u00e8tres, soit une hausse estim\u00e9e \u00e0 15% des r\u00e9serves des aquif\u00e8res, d’apr\u00e8s\u00a0Yale Environment 360<\/em>, magazine consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l’environnement publi\u00e9 par l’universit\u00e9 de Yale\u00a0aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un retour des pluies marquant <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse de la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle avaient durablement marqu\u00e9 le Sahel. M\u00eame dans les zones g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement bien arros\u00e9es, les cons\u00e9quences du manque d’eau \u00e9taient intenses, provoquant la mort d’un million de personnes \u00e0 cause de la famine et des maladies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"L'indice<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Visualisation de la NASA de cartes globales des eaux souterraines africaines. L’indice d’humidit\u00e9 a largement \u00e9volu\u00e9 au Sahel entre 2003 et 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NASA GRACE\/GRACE-FO, NASA Scientific Visualization Studio, \u201cMonitoring Global Groundwater from Space\u201d. Adaptation : TV5MONDE<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd’hui, un basculement climatique est en train d’op\u00e9rer. Depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, des pluies irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res mais torrentielles reviennent dans cette r\u00e9gion semi-aride, provoquant des inondations meurtri\u00e8res. En ao\u00fbt 2024 au Sahel,\u00a0les pluies diluviennes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieures de 120\u00a0% \u00e0 600\u00a0% \u00e0 la moyenne des ann\u00e9es 1991-2020,\u00a0selon les donn\u00e9es du Centre climatique r\u00e9gional pour l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et le Sahel. Les inondations touchent alors plus de 2,5 millions de personnes en Afrique de l’Ouest et en Afrique centrale. Les pays les plus touch\u00e9s sont des pays du Sahel comme le Tchad, avec 1 million de personnes impact\u00e9es et le Niger, avec 300.000 personnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce retour des pluies s’explique par le renforcement d’un vent humide: la mousson ouest-africaine. Le r\u00e9chauffement de l’Atlantique Nord, li\u00e9 au r\u00e9chauffement climatique mais aussi \u00e0 la diminution des a\u00e9rosols refroidissants issus des combustibles fossiles, favorise sa remont\u00e9e vers le nord. La mousson provoque de plus en plus de pr\u00e9cipitations dans des \u00e9pisodes orageux extr\u00eamement intenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s la s\u00e9cheresse, la recharge des nappes <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mais ces pluies diluviennes ont aussi un effet inattendu: elles contribuent \u00e0 recharger les r\u00e9serves d’eau souterraines. \u00ab\u00a0Dans tout le Sahel, de l’\u00c9thiopie au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, nous disposons de donn\u00e9es attestant d’une augmentation des r\u00e9serves d’eau souterraines<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, explique \u00e0\u00a0Yale Environment 360<\/em>\u00a0Richard Taylor, hydrog\u00e9ologue \u00e0 l’University College London, \u00e0 l’origine de ces observations. Le chercheur a dirig\u00e9 des \u00e9quipes de terrain charg\u00e9es d’\u00e9tudier les relations entre le climat, l’occupation des sols et la recharge des nappes phr\u00e9atiques dans la r\u00e9gion.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fissures<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Des fissures se sont form\u00e9es dans le lit ass\u00e9ch\u00e9 d’un lac forestier pr\u00e8s d’Erfurt, dans le centre de l’Allemagne, mardi 6 ao\u00fbt 2019, \u00e0 cause de la s\u00e9cheresse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Photo AP\/Jens Meyer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les sols, durcis et cro\u00fbt\u00e9s par des d\u00e9cennies de s\u00e9cheresse, absorbent difficilement l’eau. Plut\u00f4t que de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans la terre, elle ruisselle vers les rivi\u00e8res et les anciens lits de cours d’eau, qui favorisent son infiltration vers les nappes. Dans certaines r\u00e9gions, l’intensit\u00e9 des pr\u00e9cipitations compte ainsi davantage que la quantit\u00e9 totale de pluie annuelle pour expliquer la recharge des nappes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Sahel pourrait entrer dans une<\/strong> \u00ab\u00a0\u00e8re humide\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le processus de r\u00e9humidification du Sahel, qui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, s\u2019est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Les chercheurs estiment que les pluies diluviennes, mais aussi de nombreux autres facteurs, pourraient plonger le Sahel dans une \u00ab\u00a0\u00e8re humide\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis 5.000 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des projets men\u00e9s \u00e0 la surface m\u00eame de la terre auraient pu influencer ce processus, comme la \u00ab\u00a0Grande Muraille verte\u00a0\u00bb, men\u00e9 par l’Union africaine et financ\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9 internationale. L’objectif \u00e9tait de contrer la d\u00e9sertification du Sahel en restaurant 100 millions d’hectares de terres d\u00e9grad\u00e9es entre le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et Djibouti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les chercheurs \u00e9voquent \u00e9galement le retour de techniques traditionnelles de collecte de l’eau et, plus paradoxalement, l’abandon de certains projets d’irrigation dans les zones impact\u00e9es par la pr\u00e9sence de l’organisation djihadiste Boko Haram, comme des facteurs susceptibles d’amplifier cette r\u00e9humidification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne en contraste avec l’Europe ou l’Am\u00e9rique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette r\u00e9gion qui abrite quelques 150 millions d’habitants, la quantit\u00e9 de pluie tomb\u00e9e d\u00e9pend <\/strong>\u00e9norm\u00e9ment de la progression vers le nord de la mousson ouest-africaine. Entre juin et septembre, ce vent humide remonte vers le nord depuis le golfe de Guin\u00e9e. Si la mousson reste vers le sud, autour du 10e parall\u00e8le, le Sahel re\u00e7oit peu de pluie et entra\u00eene s\u00e9cheresse et mauvaises r\u00e9coltes. Mais si elle progresse jusqu’au 15e parall\u00e8le ou davantage, elle apporte plus d’humidit\u00e9 et une saison des pluies plus abondante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une mousson plus forte ne signifie pas pour autant que chaque ann\u00e9e sera humide partout. Sa position peut varier consid\u00e9rablement d’une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l’autre, ce qui explique que certaines zones connaissent encore des s\u00e9cheresses tandis que d’autres subissent des pluies extr\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne actuel au Sahel va \u00e0 l’encontre du contexte mondial o\u00f9, de l’Asie du Sud \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9rique en passant par l’Europe, des records de temp\u00e9rature sont enregistr\u00e9s depuis le d\u00e9but de l’\u00e9t\u00e9 et o\u00f9 les ressources en eau sont en train de diminuer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de s\u00e9cheresse, le Sahel pourrait entrer dans une\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00e8re humide\u00a0\u00bb, selon certaines pr\u00e9visions. Les pluies diluviennes qui provoquent des inondations meurtri\u00e8res dans la r\u00e9gion depuis quelques ann\u00e9es rechargent\u00a0consid\u00e9rablement les nappes phr\u00e9atiques. Il s’agit de l’une des r\u00e9gions les plus arides au monde et pourtant, elle pourrait \u00eatre au seuil d’une \u00e8re humide qui […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[281,279],"tags":[78,282,280],"class_list":{"0":"post-41393","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-deforestation-2","8":"category-nature-2","9":"tag-apie-project-2","10":"tag-deforestation-3","11":"tag-nature-3"},"yoast_head":"\nAfrique: Le Sahel \u00e0 l'Aube d'une "\u00e8re humide"? - APIE NEWS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/appsaf.apieproject.com\/news\/fr\/2026\/08\/11\/afrique-le-sahel-a-laube-dune-ere-humide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Afrique: Le Sahel \u00e0 l'Aube d'une "\u00e8re humide"? - APIE NEWS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de s\u00e9cheresse, le Sahel pourrait entrer dans une\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u00e8re humide\u00a0\u00bb, selon certaines pr\u00e9visions. 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